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中国汉族人群细胞色素P4502E1基因多态性与肺癌的相关性

中国汉族群细胞色素P4502E1基因多态性与肺癌的相关性

中国临床药理学杂志 2000年第5期第16卷 论 著

作者:黄跃华 王庆松 朱莉贞 张远

单位:黄跃华 张远(北京大学基础医学院药理系, 北京 100083);王庆松 朱莉贞(北京胸部肿瘤结核病医院内科, 北京 101149)

关键词:中国汉族;细胞色素P450;基因多态性;肺癌

  摘 要 目的:研究中国汉族群中细胞色素P4502E1基因多态性与肺癌的相关性。方法:应用PCR-RFLP方法研究了260例正常对照者和54例肺癌患者细胞色素P4502E1 RsaI基因多态性。结果:对照组A型(c1c1)152例,B型(c1/c2)101例,C型(c2/c2)7例,分别占58.5%, 38.8%和2.7%,c2等位基因频率为0.22;肺癌组A型(c1c1)25例,B型(c1/c2)26例,C型(c2/c2) 3例,分别占46.3%, 48.1%和5.6%, c2等位基因频率为0.30。结论:中国汉族群中细胞色素P4502E1基因多态性与肺癌无明显相关性。

Relationship between cytochrome P450 2E1 Genetic Polymorphism and Lung Cancer in Chinese Han subjects

HUANG Yue-Hua,ZHANG Yuan

  (Department of pharmacology, Medical Sciences Center, Peking University, Beijing, P.R.China 100083)

  WANG Qing-Song,ZHU Li-Zhen

  (Beijing Chest Tumor and Tuberculosis Hospital, Beijing 101149)

  Abstract OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) genetic polymorphism (RsaI) and lung cancer in Chinese Han subjects. METHODS: 260 Healthy controls and 54 lung cancer patients were studied using a polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. RESULTS: In control group, type A(c1/c1), type B(c1/c2), and type C(c2/c2) were 152(58.5%) , 101(38.8%) , and 7(2.7%) subjects respectively. The c2 allele frequency was 0.22. In lung cancer patients, type A(c1/c1), type B(c1/c2), and type C(c2/c2) were 25(46.3%), 26(48.1%), and 3(5.6%) subjects respectively. The c2 allele frequency was 0.30. CONCLUSIONS: There was not significant relationship between cytochrome P450 2E1 genetic polymorphism and lung cancer in Chinese Han subjects.

  Key words Chinese Han; CYP2E1; genetic polymorphism; lung cancer

  大多数化学致癌物质需经过代谢激活后才能产生其基因毒性, 导致癌症。细胞色素P450 2E1 (细胞色素P450 2E1, CYP2E1)主要代谢一些小分子物质,也与一些癌前物质的激活有关,如N-亚硝基二甲胺等[1]。因此推测,在化学致癌中,代谢激活各种癌前物质活性的高低与癌症的发生可能有一定关系。CYP2E1酶的活性有种族差异,不同的个体间相差可达50倍[2], 虽然还不清楚造成这种差异的原因是遗传或环境因素, 还是两者同时作用的结果,但是遗传因素可能对酶的活性有一定的影响。近年来,不同种族CYP2E1基因多态性与肺癌的相关性研究已有较多报道,在日本中,有的基因型可增加患肺癌的危险,但在白种的研究中却得出相反的结论,如c2等位基因可增加日本患肺癌的危险, 但在墨裔美国和瑞典却具有保护作用[3~5] 。有关中国群CYP2E1基因多态性与肺癌相关性研究的报道较少,因此,我们研究了54例肺癌患者和260例健康对照者的基因型与肺癌发生的相关性。

  材 料 和 方 法

  1.样品采集

  对照组血液样品来自北京医科大学校医院,共260,均为汉族,年龄19~77岁,男 145, 女114, 为进行体检者或生化检查的病,均无血缘关系及癌症病史。肺癌病血液样品54例来自北京胸部肿瘤结核病医院,均为汉族,年龄35~81岁,男46例,女8例,均经病理组织学检查确诊为肺癌的病例。

  2.DNA提取

  采用蛋白酶K消化,酚:氯仿抽提法提取DNA: 即蛋白酶K消化过夜,酚、酚:氯仿、氯仿各抽提一次,2.5倍冰冷无水乙醇沉淀DNA。

  3.PCR扩增

  参照文献[6]进行PCR。

  引物1: 5′CCAGTCGAGTCTACATTGTCA3′

  引物2: 5′TTCATTCTGTCTTCTAACTGG3′

  扩增体系组成:10xbuffer 2ul (buffer组成:10mmol·L-1 Tris-HCl(pH9.0), 50 mmol·L-1 KCl, 0.1%Triton-X100, 2 mmol·L-1 MgCl2。),引物1和引物2各0.4μmol.L-1 dNTPs 200μmol·L-1, MgCl2 2mmol·L-1, 模板DNA 100 ng, Taq 酶0.4u,加水到 20μl。加20μl液体石蜡覆盖,94℃ 5min, 然后 94℃ 1min,52℃ 1min, 72℃ 1min共35个循环,最后一个循环72℃ 5min。

  4.酶切

  取PCR产物10μl加RsaI酶5u进行酶切,37℃,15h。

  5.电泳

  2.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳,紫外灯下照像记录实验结果。

Table 1.Comparison of lung cancer in Chinese

Lung cancer Male Female
n % n %
AD 10 21.74 7 87.5
SQ 10 21.74 1 12.5
SCLC 24 52.17 0 0
SQAD 2 4.35 0 0
TOTAL 46   8  

  note:AD :adenocarcinoma ;SCLC:small cell lung carcinoa;SQ:squamouse cell carcinoma;SQADcancer of mixed appearance.

Table 2 Genotype frequencies of Rsal polymorphisms in Chinese health controls and lung cancer patients

  cl/cl cl/c2 c2/c2 OR(95%CI) Total
n % n % N %    
Health control 152 58.5 101 38.8 7 2.7 1 260
Total lung 25 46.3 26 48.1 3 5.6 2.22(1.30~0.78) 54
cancer patients                
AD 9 52.9 7 41.2 1 5.9    
SCLC 5 45.5 5 45.5 1 9.0    
SQ 10 41.7 13 54.2 1 4.1    
SQAD 1 50.0 1 50.0 0 0    

  note :AD:adenocarcinoma ;SCIC;small cell lung carinoma;SQ :aquamouse cell carcinoma ;SQAD:carcer of mixed appearance.OR:odds ration,CI :confidence interval

Table 3.Genotyp frequencies of CYP2E1Rsal polymorphisms on different gender of Hna nationality

Genotype Male Female
A(cl/cl) 86(58.9) 66(57.9)
B(cl/c2) 55(57.7) 46(40.1)
C(c2/c2) 5(3.42) 2(2.0)

  note:x2-test(x2=0.03),P>0.05.Teh number in the parenthesi is percentage

Table 4 Allele frequency of CYP2E1 c2 gene in Chinese health controls and lung cancer patients

  Case(n) c2 Allele frequency
Chinese Han subjects 260 0.22
Lung cancer patients 54 0.30

  结 果  1. 病例一般资料

  54例肺癌患者的肺癌类型分布为男性46例,包括了四种类型的肺癌(其中腺癌10例,小细胞癌10例,鳞状细胞癌24例,鳞腺癌2例),女性患者8例,只有腺癌(7例),小细胞癌(1例)两种。

  2. RsaI酶切后电泳图

  PCR产物经RsaI酶切后电泳图(Fig1),PCR产物长度为410bp, 经RsaI 酶切后,c1/c1野生型纯合子为360bp和50bp两条带,c2/c2突变型纯合子为410bp一条带,c1/c2杂合子可见到全部三条带。由于50bp条带分子量较小,电泳后已经跑出凝胶外,所以50bp未记录到,但对判断多态性类型无任何影响,这样,A型为360bp一条带,C型为410bp一条带,B型410bp、360bp二条带。

  3. 260例正常及54例肺癌病P450 2E1基因多态性分布

  260例汉族和54例肺癌病的细胞色素P4502E1 RsaI基因多态性分布如表2,对照组, A型(c1/c1)152例,B型(c1/c2)101例,C型(c2/c2)7例,分别占58.5%, 38.8%和2.7%,性别之间的的多态性分布无差异, 结果见表3;肺癌组中A型(c1/c1)25例,B型(c1/c2)26例,C型(c2/c2) 3例,分别占46.3%, 48.1%和5.6%。对照组和肺癌组c2等位基因的频率计算结果如表4, 可见两组间无明显差异。

  讨 论

  CYP2E1 基因5'端RsaI酶切位点多态性可调节CYP2E1基因的转录,从而影响CYP2E1酶活性[7]。而携带RsaI突变型(c2)基因者,CYP2E1酶活性较低[8]。 LeMarchand等[9]用氯唑沙宗作探药(该药代谢的快慢可反映体内CYP2E1酶的活性),研究了50例居住在夏威夷的日本CYP2E1 Rsa I基因型与氯唑沙宗羟化代谢之间的关系后发现,携带RsaI c2等位基因者,氯唑沙宗的口服清除率较低。

  CYP2E1在代谢激活各种亚硝胺类致癌物(包括烟草中特有的强致癌物4-甲基亚硝氨基-3-吡啶-1-丁酮)中起着重要的作用[2]。据报道,日本、白种和美国黑男性的肺癌发病率分别为10万分之28,79和11,且与c2等位基因频率成负相关[6]。此外,尽管日本吸烟量高于芬兰,而芬兰男性肺癌的发病率是日本男性的2倍以上[10]。另外,Kim等[8]报道,居住在东京的日本氯唑沙宗的清除率比欧裔美国低30%~40%。然而,日本中RsaI c2等位基因的频率(0.27)[6] 却明显高于芬兰(0.01)[11]和美国(0.04)[12]。基于上述的报道,似乎CYP2E1基因多态性与肺癌之间有一定的联系。

  Persson[4]等的研究表明,瑞典肺癌病携带c2等位基因的频率明显低于正常对照组,同样,在研究了日本[13]、夏威夷[14]和美国黑[15]的CYP2E1酶基因多态性后也得出相似的结论。LeMarchand 等[15]也报道,Rsa I突变型纯合子(c2/c2)基因型,患肺癌的危险性可降低10倍。但是,也有相反的报道,在日本肺鳞状细胞癌患者中,RsaI突变型纯合子(c2/c2)基因型明显高于对照组[3]

  然而,在中国群中,我们没有发现RsaI 基因型与肺癌之间的联系,与Persson 等[16]的研究结果一致。同样在芬兰[11]中的研究也没有发现RsaI 基因型与肺癌之间的相关性。另外,Watanabe[7]报道,日本CYP2E1 RsaI多态性与肺癌无关,即使将肺癌的组织类型、吸烟和饮酒量加以考虑,仍未发现CYP2E1 RsaI多态性与肺癌有关。

  所以,有关RsaI 基因型与肺癌之间的相关性目前还没有明确的结论。

  参考文献

  1.Thomas PE, Bandiera S, Maines SL, et al. Regulation of cytochrome P450j, a high-affinity N-nitrosodimethylamine demethylase, in rat hepatic microsomes. Biochem, 1987; 26: 2280~2289.

  2.Guengerich Fj. Interindividual variation in biotransformation of carcinogens: Basis and relevance. In: Groopman J, Skipper P, eds.Molecular dosimetry and human cancer. Boston: CRC Press, 1991;27~45.

  3.Oyama T, Kawamoto T, Mizoue T, et al. Cytochrome P450 2E1 Polymorphism as a risk factor for lung cancer: in relation to p53 gene mutation. Anticancer Research, 1997;17:583~588.

  4.Persson I, Johansson I, Bergling H, et al. Genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450 2E1in a Swedish population: relationship to incidence of lung cancer. FEBS Lett, 1993;319:207~211.

  5.Wu X , Shi H, Jiang H, et al. Association between cytochrome P4502E1 genotype, mutagen sensitivity, cigarette smoking and susceptibility to lung cancer. Carcinogenesis(Lond.), 1997; 18:967~973.

  6.Kato S, Shields PG, Caporaso NE, et al. Cytochrome P4502E1 genetic polymorphisms, racial variation, and lung cancer risk. Cancer Res, 1992; 52:6712~6715.

  7.Hayashi SI, Watanabe J, Lawajiri K. Genetic polymorphisms in the 5'-flanking region change transcriptional regulation of human cytochrome P450 2E1 gene. J Biochem, 1991; 110: 559~565.

  8.Kim RB, Yamazaki H, Chiba K, et al. In vivo and in vitro characterization of CYP2E1 activity in Japanese and Caucasians. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 1996; 279: 4~11.

  9.LeMarchand L, Wilkinson GR, Wilkens LR. Genetic and dietary predictors of CYP2E1 activity: a phenotyping study in Hawaii Japanese using chlorzoxazone. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev, 1999; 8: 495~500.

  10.Muri C, Waterhouse J, Mack T, et al. eds. Cancer incidence in five continents. IARC Scientific Publication, 1987; 5: 88.

  11.Hirvonen A , Husgafvel-Pursiainen K , Anttila S, et al. The human CYP2E1 gene and lung cancer: DraI and RsaI restriction fragment length polymorphisms in a Finnish study population. Carcinogenesis, 1993;14: 85~88.

  12.Stephens EA , Taylor JA , Kaplan N , et al. Ethnic variation in the CYP2E1 gene: polymorphism analysis of 695 African-Americans,European-Americans, and Taiwanese. Pharmacogenetics, 1994 ; 4:185~92.

  13.Uematsu F, Kikuchi H, Motomiya M, et al. Association between restriction fragment length polymorphism of the human cytochrome P4502E1 gene and susceptibility to lung cancer. Jpn Cancer Res, 1991;82: 254~256.

  14.Wu X, Shi H, Jiang H, et al. Association between cytochrome P4502E1 genotype, mutagen sensitivity, cigarette smoking and susceptibility to lung cancer. Carcinogenesis(Lond.) 1997; 18:967~973.

  15.Le Marchand L, Sivaraman L, Pierce L, et al. Associations of CYP1A1, GSTM1 and CYP2E1 polymorphisms with lung cancer suggest cell type specificities to tabacco carcinogens. Cancer Res, 1998; 58:4858~4863.

  16.Persson I, Johansson I, Lou YC, et al. Genetic polymorphism of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes among Chinese lung cancer patients.Int J Cancer, 1999;81: 325~329.

  17.Watanabe J, Yang JP, Eguchi H, et al. An RsaI polymorphism in the CYP2E1 gene does not affet lung cancer risk in a Japanese population. Jpn J Cancer Res, 1995; 86: 245~248.

收稿:2000-04-17,修回:2000-08-20

  


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