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Clinical significance of expressions of bcl£­2£¬p170£¬and CD₃₄ in leukemia

DUAN Bao-hua¡¡XI Yu-ren

¡¡¡¡£¨Department of Hematology£¬second affiliated Hospital£¬Henan Medical University£¬ Zhengzhou 450003£¬P.R. China£©

¡¡¡¡LIU Shao-jun

¡¡¡¡£¨Department of Hematology,First Affiliated Hospital,Henan Medical University,Zhengzhou 450052,P.R. China£©

¡¡¡¡¡¾Abstract¡¿ Objective:To study and assess the clinical significance of the expressions of bcl£­2,p170,and CD₃₄ in leukemia and their correlations. Methods:ABC immunocytochemistry was used in detection of the expressions of bcl£­2,p170,and CD₃₄ in leukemic cells from 77 cases of acute leukemia(AL)and 23 cases of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. Results:The expression rates of bcl£­2,p170,and CD₃₄ in relapsed or refractory acute leukemia were significantly higher than those in the untreated acute leukemia. The complete remission rates were significantly lower in the patients with overexpression than in those with low£­/non£­expression of one of the detected markers,bcl£­2,p170 and CD₃₄. The expression of CD₃₄ in CML accelerative or excess blast phase was higher than that in chronic phase. It was found that the positive coincidence rates were 90.9£¥ for overexpression of bcl£­2,which was a little higher than that of p170 or CD₃₄. It was showed that there was slightly positive correlation between the expression rates of bcl£­2 and p170 (r=0.386,P£¼0.001). Conclusion:There is more sensitive predictive value of bcl£­2 among these three markers. The combined detection of bcl£­2,p170 and CD₃₄ may improve the predictive value of each. It was also suggested that CD₃₄ could be a poor indicator in the course of CML. There may be some correlation among the different MDR mechanisms.

¡¡¡¡Key words£ºLeukemia; bcl£­2; p170; CD₃₄; MDR

¡¡¡¡Multidrug resistance (MDR) of leukemic cells to chemotherapeutic agents is one of the important factors influencing the prognosis and survival of patients with leukemia.However,mechanisms of MDR in leukemic cells are very complicated,in which mdrl gene and its product p170 has been well£­ researched.In recent years, it was found that the blockage of apoptosis reduced by chemotherapeutic drugs, such as the increased expression of bcl£­2 gene, would also result in MDR of cancer cells. Moreover, the high expression of CD34 has been shown to be relevant to the poor prognosis of leukemia. In this study, the expression of bcl£­ 2,p170 and CD34 in acute or chronic leukemia were detected to explore their predictive values,which might be helpful to guide the using of drugs in clinic.

¡¡¡¡1¡¡ Materials and methods

¡¡¡¡1.1¡¡ Patients and cell lines

¡¡¡¡A total of 77 patients with acute leukemia (39 primary cases,22 relapsed or refractory cases and 16 in complete remission cases;55 cases AML,22 cases ALL),23 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia(CML)(13 cases in chronic phase and 10 cases in accelerated phase or blast crisis) and 7 cases of normal controls were chosen.

¡¡¡¡HL£­ 60 cell line and normal colonal mucosa epithelial cell slides were positive control of bcl£­ 2 and p170 respectively.

¡¡¡¡1.2¡¡ Reagents and methods

¡¡¡¡Monoclonal antihuman antibodies against bcl£­2 and CD₃₄ were purchased from NEOMARKE Company,p170 from ZYMED Company,and ABC test kit from VECTOR Company.

¡¡¡¡Slides of fixed mononuclear cells from above patients'bone marrows were detected by ABC immunocytochemistry technique according to reference 4 and the percentage of positive cells were calculated,which contained some brown£­ granules in protoplasm or on the cell membrane,in 500 cells under oil£­ vision of microscope. Positive control and substitutive control were set in every trial.

¡¡¡¡1.3¡¡ Statistic

¡¡¡¡bcl£­ 2 and p170 were regarded as overexpression when their percentages of positive cells were over 10£¥ ,while CD₃₄ was over 20£¥ (according to the condition of our test),and t£­test,¦Ö²£­test and F£­ test were used in this study to analyze these data.

¡¡¡¡2¡¡ Results

¡¡¡¡There was no relation between the expression of bcl£­ 2, p170 or CD₃₄ and the patients'age,sex,white blood cell count in the peripheral blood or the number of blast cells in the bone marrow.As shown in table 1, the results showed that the expressions of bcl£­ 2,p170,and CD₃₄ in relapsed/refractory were significantly higher than those in normal controls,untreated acute leukemia and acute leukemia in complete remission(P£¼0.05). In CML patients,the expression of CD₃₄ and overexpression of bcl£­ 2 were lower in chronic phase than in accelerated phase or blast prisis(table 2). For the patients with de novo AL treated by chemotherapy, CR rates were significantly lower in the patients with overexpression than in those with low£­ /non£­ expression of one of the detected markers (table 3). The overexpression rates of bcl£­ 2 and p170 were different between one and two treatment courses to CR induced by chemotherapy (table 4). The results also showed that there were different coincident rates in prediction of clinical efficacy of leukemia between the single detection and combined defection of bcl£­ 2, p170 or CD₃₄ (table 5). In this study,it was found there were positive correlations between the expression rates of bcl£­ 2 and p170 (r=0.386, P£¼ 0.001),bcl£­ 2 and CD₃₄(r=0.376,P£¼0.001),and p170 and CD₃₄(r=0.353,P£¼ 0.002)in leukemic cells.

Table 1 The expression rates of bcl£­ 2,p170 and CD₃₄in acute leukemia in percentage

¡¡¡¡£ª compared with ££or ££££,P£¼0.01£»£ª£ªcompared with ££or ££££,£ªcompared with £ª£ª,P£¼ 0.05

¡¡¡¡£« :positive expression cells rate £«£« :percentage of overexpression cases

Table 2¡¡ The expression rates of bcl£­ 2, p170 and CD₃₄ in chronic myeloid leukemia in percentage

¡¡¡¡P:£ª compared with £ª£ª £« :positive expression cells rate £«£« :percentage of overexpression cases

Table 3 The relationship between the expression

¡¡¡¡of bcl£­ 2, p170 and CD₃₄ and the curative

¡¡¡¡efficacy or prognosis of acute leukemia

¡¡¡¡P:£«£« compared with £«/£­

¡¡¡¡£«£«£º:overexpression £«/£­£ºlow£­ /non£­ expression

Table 4¡¡The relationship between the expression

¡¡¡¡of bcl£­ 2,p170,CD₃₄, and the number

¡¡¡¡of courses to CR in acute leukemia

¡¡¡¡P:£ª Compared with £ª£ª

Table 5 The predictive values of bcl£­ 2,p170 and

¡¡¡¡CD₃₄ for clinical efficacy in acute leukemia

¡¡¡¡positive coincident rate=the number of positive drugresistance case/(the number of positive drugresistance£« positive nondrugresistance cases)

¡¡¡¡negative coincident rate=the number of negative drugresistance case/(the number of negative drugresistance£« negative nondrugresistance cases)

¡¡¡¡total coincident rate=(the number of positive drugresistance case£« the number of negative drugresistance cases)/the number of total cases

¡¡¡¡3 Discussion

¡¡¡¡The complexity of MDR brought certain difficulty to the forecasting of curative result or prognosis of leukemia. The research about the sensitivity or the speciality of all these factors were argureable. To evaluate and find more sensitive markers might be helpful for the diretion of treatment in clinic. In this study, it was concluded that the predictive values of p170 and CD₃₄ in the treatmental efficacy and prognosis of leukemia were lightly lower than that of bcl£­ 2, but the negative coincident rates of the three markers were all low, as might be related to the existence of other poor factors,such as the proliferation of leukemic cell, the control of complication and the normal hemapoietic rehabilitation of bone marrow after chemotherapy,and other mechanisms of MDR. But it is showed that the combined detection of bcl£­ 2, p170 and CD₃₄ might improve the predictive value and all of them could be indicators for the choice of chemotherapeutic agents or reversing methods. As a result, to study on the significance of combined detection of more than one marker might be the trend of further research.

¡¡¡¡So far,the effect of these markers still exists divergence in progressive course of CML. The results showed the overexpression of CD34 could be a signer of the deterioration of CML.

¡¡¡¡In present viewpoints, the mechanism of antiapoptosis gene bcl£­ 2 resulting in MDR is different from the mdrl gene. But in some reports,the expressions of bcl£­ 2 gene and mdr1 gene were all relevant to the cellular differentiation. Further study has revealed that some informative molecules in cell such as pkc,Ca^2£« were participated in the regulation of the expression of bcl£­ 2,p170,and CD₃₄. In this study, the findings showed the lightly positive correlation between bcl£­ 2 and p170. From this we supposed that there might be some relationship between them, that is to say, having partly same regulating path or regulating each other,in one or more levels. The high expression of bcl£­ 2 and p170 might provided the survival predomination and MDR for the leukemic stem cells and might be some causes resulting in the poor prognosis of leukemia with the overexpression of CD₃₄. But the essence of the correlation between bcl£­ 2 and p170 needs further researching and clinical conformation.

¡¡¡¡Í¨Ñ¶×÷ÕߣºÁõÉÙ¾ý£ºTel:86£­371£­6979037

¡¡¡¡E£­mail:ab193305@public2.zz.ha.cn

¡¡¡¡[REFERENCE]

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