39.16 结语
经肠营养的重新发展已近20年。目前，由于膳食制备、输注系统（包括喂养管）、生理作用、临床应用、造口术的改进以及家庭经肠营养的应用等方面均有很多进展。在营养支持上的地位，经肠营养与TPN同样重要，其效果亦与TPN相似。且更具符合生理状态、费用节省、护理较简及使用安全的优点。此外，对胃肠道功能与结构的恢复，更为TPN所不及。所以，营养支持的原则是“只要胃肠道允许，应尽量采用经肠营养”。在胃肠功能较为欠佳时，采用要素膳；否则采用以整蛋白为氮源的非要素膳。利用组件或在固定组成的膳食中加入组件，可以配制适合不同需要的膳食。
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